into regular employment Unregistered is one of the challenges facing governments, not only in our country but also in many other and with different degrees
of relative economic and social development.
The registration is not an institutional and economic restrictions for weight
social development, as it has implications that transcend the labor market or
relations.
In our country, although unregistered employment is long-standing, high current
levels show an inverse correlation with the causes that are traditionally assigned
therefore be explored in search of explanations:
• In literature of economic orthodoxy speaks of the high "tax work"
as the primary cause and incentive for evasion.
In Argentina these concepts were substantially reduced and yet unregistered employment increased significantly. This occurred even within the framework of Law No. 25,250, which provided additional incentives for recruitment, and the rate of informality
continued to grow.
• The difficulty of firing workers, legal restrictions or high
compensation is another of the reasons given, though with reduced severance
roofs experienced in recent years, this ratio is weakened.
ORIGINS OF REGISTRATION NO
Economy groundwater is characterized by a high level of tax evasion and welfare.
is highlighted so that the mechanics of economic activities linking these two types of illegal
having "feedbacks" between them. A practical consequence of this recognition
is the need to simultaneously attack two fronts
illegality.
addition to this common cause between the two types of evasion,
unregistered work is encouraged by its lower costs relative to formal employment. These two factors inducing
pension evasion explain the high concentration
unregistered employment in smaller companies.
El cuadro 1 muestra la distribución del empleo no registrado por tamaños de establecimientos.
Regularización del trabajo no registrado
ENERO 2008 ANUNCIO
Subsecretaría de Programación
Técnica y Estudios Sociolaborales
CUADRO 1
EMPLEO NO REGISTRADO PRIVADO EXCLUYENDO SERVICIO
DOMESTICO,MAYO 2007
POR TAMAÑO DE ESTABLECIMIENTO. TOTAL URBANO
miles de personas % del total acumulado
1 persona 101 4% 4%
2 a 5 personas 1.347 55% 60%
6 a 25 personas 681 28% 87%
26 a 100 personas 207 9% 96%
101 a 500 personas 74 3% 99%
más de 500 personas 23 1% 100%
Total de empleo no registrado 2.433
100% Source: EPH-INDEC SPTyEL as
can be seen from Table 1 that the smaller companies concentrate the bulk of unregistered employment. Grouped
, establishments employing less than 25 occupied 87% of unregistered workers.
Stud, one can see the areas in which the problem of unregistered employment is most acute. Can be seen from Table 2 that the list is headed by Construction (76.9%), Primary Activities (53.8%) and Trade (51.7%). TABLE 2
UNREGISTERED EMPLOYMENT IN THE TOTAL OF WAGE EMPLOYMENT, EPH - MAY 2003
Construction 76.9% 53.8% Primary Activities
Trade restaurants and hotels 51.7%
Transport, storage and communication 43.5% 39.5% Manufacturing
Community, social and personal services 32.3%
financial and business services 29.8%
Electricity, gas and 0.9% water
Source: SPTyEL
attempts to combat unregistered work
Several studies showed that the experiences of efforts and policies for adjustment
have shown better results in our country. Bleaching locking
fiscal incentives or regularization tend to be prizes for those who escaped, while configured equivalently, a punishment for those who met their commitments.
regularization of unregistered work
2 The reductions of burdens on the flow of new workers hereby reaffirm the previous paragraph, because reward evaders. Reductions on all workers are fiscally costly and inefficient addition, as already established in our country.
All these difficulties lead to the ideologues of the right economic policies to advocate complete elimination of employer charges and deregulation of the labor market, unable to control the situation, unsustainable proposal from several aspects, as these sectors are these proposed reductions en los impuestos a las ganancias o retenciones sobre exportaciones, con lo cual el sistema tributario sólo se sostendría con los regresivos impuestos sobre el consumo, incrementando el atractivo de la no registración laboral, como se expresó al comienzo.
Vale la pena recordar que un esfuerzo concreto por reducir el índice de no registración
está contenido en el Plan Más y Mejor Trabajo, recientemente lanzado por el Gobierno
nacional, que realza la importancia de una inspección del trabajo intensa.
A MODO DE INCENTIVO: CREDITOS SOBRE LA NOMINA SALARIAL
Esta herramienta crediticia constituye un incentivo adicional a la registración del empleo
de las empresas. Consiste disadvantaged in lending to companies of a certain size according
payroll paid regularly.
This line is an advance on current account, floating the equivalent of wage
payroll a month, taking as base the average wage
the company stated in a period of not less than six months, with a commitment
maintenance plant personnel and not to make massive layoffs, as established by Law No. 24,013
as regards procedures for crisis prevention.
line of credit is targeted to all companies operating in the country,
with a cap of $ 300,000 by company or economic group, at a low rate (currently 13.75%
year) and a maximum of one year.
The advantage of this type of intervention is that it involves high transaction costs,
not have problems of asymmetric information as it is repeatedly
have seen in the last decade, despite the credit expansion led to selections
adverse or restricting it, squeezed hundreds of thousands of SMEs that could
have been subjects of the same, with the consequent loss of jobs
actual or potential to help explain the high unemployment rates that were observed. Such loans
reduces the costs of feasibility studies for assignment, since the maintenance
the size of the plant personnel is a valid signal of
repayment capacity of the credit.
Financial support would enable them to improve their position with suppliers and keeping a certain level
capital assets, among others, when not restructuring
bank liabilities, which would also result in a profit for the financial system.
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