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Entrevista al Coronel venezolano Menry Fernández

Security, overall defense and development:

fundamental purpose of civil-military integration

Despite the urgency that is civil-military integration in the countries of the South America, even the expression, and its materialisation, in the process, which suggests that there is no unequivocal and final design on the subject. What does exist is the need to theorize on a complex, unfinished and necessary to achieve the purposes which are standard limitation of our Constitution and a need in the countries of the continent. The truth is that in areas such as security, defense and even the development of these countries, civil-military integration may play a crucial role in the processes that should lead to a true emancipation. Here is a vision and version of the integration military civic XXI century made by Lt. Col. venezo9lano Menry Fernández Pereira. is not a definitive view on this, because as he points out, the theory is still under construction from the standpoint of epistemological, theoretical and, most important, paradigmatic .

By: Marbelys Mavárez

- 1. How to define civil-military integration?

- The military-civilian integration define it as a process, as a set of actions, policies, programs and initiatives that seek to guarantee the principle of responsibility in security nation embodied in Article 326 of the Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. constitutional mandate.

- 2. What distinguishes the civil-military integration of civil-military relations?

- When it comes to civil-military relations Euro-Anglo-American theory tells us the relationship of the "professional soldier", the official the State, meaning the state as the legal framework, political, administrative, which is controlled by the same power elite from where these "military experts." In our case, it is necessary to construct a theory of civil-military integration beyond that is only the professional officer corps. Is the integration of all set of the Armed Forces who, as part of the state, close ties to contribute actively in the security, development and defense of the Nation.

- 3. Where can we find the origins of civil-military integration?

- We must go towards the construction of this theory. However, in regard to the issue of military defense, we can see the experience of union between the people and the army in case of the China of Mao Tse Tung against imperial Japan between 1937 and 1945, in Vietnam before, during and after their release and we can refer the experience of the Bolshevik Revolution. The idea of \u200b\u200barmed people to condense the philosopher of war Karl von Clausewitz about the Napoleonic wars against Spain and then against Russia between 1808 and 1814.

- 4. What about the theoretical central theory of civil-military relations made by Samuel Huntington, and Amos Morris Janovis Permultter?

- As stated above, these authors start from the premise that civil-military relations military and appear between the "professional soldier" and the state. Under this view do not think the idea that people can actively participate in advocacy work or even citizens to contribute their bit to ensure the country's development. From this perspective, liberal civil-military relations constitute a system where political power and civil society should monitor the participation of the military, separating them from the decisions that concern the people and in many cases even denying them the right to vote. This is called "institutionalization." means that the more "institutional" is Armed Forces, the liberal political system is stronger. And while "less institutional" military are the weaker the political system. I there a way to explain the events in Altamira Plaza after 2002.

This is the liberal paradigm of civil-military relations that is based on the premise that the military ought to be apolitical, obedient and deliberative, because they should not participate in politics. This makes them "professional soldiers" according to this conception.

What the theory does not say these authors is that since the 50's until now, many soldiers trained under this paradigm became advocates of schemes claiming to be democratic, but which violated more human rights than any dictatorship on this continent. That is, military professionalism became the armed wing or administrators of the violence of liberal-bourgeois state. These military went against the people massacred citizens simply think differently (containment of communism), just to ensure the status quo of the ruling oligarchy. This was a common denominator throughout the continent with a lot of influence in Central and Southern Cone.

From this perspective, the aforementioned authors classified the soldier liberal pro and praetorian. Praetorian was claimed that the soldier that did not reach the levels of "political maturity" for its armed forces defend the values \u200b\u200bof liberal states.

- 5. What about civil-military relations, as conceived Samuel Huntington, we can say that are effective?

"No, that approach does not apply. From my point of view are stale theories that were in Cold War, as they were designed in the context of the "philosophy of geopolitical containment of communism." The new military South America must carry the banner of our Liberator Simon Bolivar when even in his last proclamation sued us: "(...) and the military by using his sword to defend social guarantees, is say, the military must be with the people and not defending the interests of an oligarchy, or ruling class. But the sad thing is that at the dawn of the twenty-first century, there are countries where the reason for a soldier and his forces Armadas es preservar sus privilegios y los de un sector en particular, tal y como lo plantea la teoría anglosajona y euro-centrista. Para ellos, evidentemente que esta teoría tiene absoluta vigencia. Solo basta con mirar la actuación de los militares en Perú, Colombia, Honduras y más recientemente en Ecuador y saquemos conclusiones

- 6. ¿Qué autores podemos referir a la hora de hablar de integración cívico militar en el contexto Venezuelan?

"We have to build the theory. There are aspects that should characterize a new theory on civil-military integration as: the participation channels people and armed forces, the role of the party in overall defense, the role of the military in national development and the humanitarian efforts or how the Armed Forces should incorporate the population in the defense, among others. In Ultimately, with this would be giving full effect to the constitutional principle of shared responsibility between the Armed Forces and society.

Now this revolutionary theory should be practice too, so it is necessary to the people entering the military institution transform their structures to achieve and can achieve a true democracy, as happened in Vietnam or as suggested by Mao Tse Tung. That democratization in the Armed Forces would aim to improve relations between the cadre of officers and soldiers, actually integrating the armed forces with the people, and once achieved, it would face threats common to the invading enemy.

This important step can only be achieved with a conscience. Hence the need to strengthen the Institutional Command "Moral y Luces" to the Armed Forces and the party is incorporated into the task of mass of patriotism, will exacerbate the struggle and assume crucial role in the overall defense work. In Venezuela, in the barracks are given these discussions, you are starting a public awareness plan called "Battle Motivational Tiuna Cacique, an initiative of our President Hugo Chávez, the Minister of Popular Power for Defense in Chief General Carlos Mata Figueroa and Strategic Operational Commander, Major General Henry Rangel Silva. This Battle Motivational "Cacique Tiuna" is coordinated by Gen. / Brig. Sayegh Samir Assal and seeks exalt the military vocation and awareness essential for the legitimacy of our Armed Forces by the Village, in the commitment to exercise the overall defense in the indissoluble union-FANB people, because in essence the Venezuelan military men and women are people in uniform.

believe that these initiatives are necessary because in revolutionary processes is vital to the politicization of the Armed Forces (not proselytism which is another thing), politicizing our troops to understand that the enemy is imperialism, politicizing to break the liberal paradigm imposed on us by many years of political neutrality, obedience and non deliberancia.

Caracas, October 2010